Dictionary Series - Health: diabetes

Not sure how to pronounce “mitochondria“? Want to listen to human genome expert (and current NIH director) Francis Collins serve as your own personal talking genetics dictionary, defining concepts such as “personalized medicine“? Federal gene geeks at the National Human Genome Research Institute have unveiled their latest online talking glossary of gene-speak.

It’s interesting to see which terms made the cut — and which didn’t.

You’ll find the essential terms of genetics, such as “base pair” or “X-linked.” Some terms that relate to broader health-related concepts, such as “pharmacogenomics,” are also included. But only a few actual health conditions made the list. You’ll find some rare disorders widely known to be genetic, such as Huntington’s Disease and hemophilia. And there’s a scattering of common health conditions where genetic factors have been fairly well identified, including diabetes and prostate cancer.

Lots of other common conditions were left out. Where, for example, is breast cancer? The glossary does include the BRCA gene variants, but doesn’t include breast cancer itself, even though other BRCA is far from being the only genetic factor involved in breast cancer. Nor does the glossary include colon cancer. The genetics of these conditions are fairly well understood,  both in terms of rarer single-gene factors and more common multi-gene factors. And these diseases affect hundreds of thousands of people. If you are going to help people understand the role that genetics can play in health, these aren’t conditions you want to leave out of a new public education campaign.

If you’ve got other nominations for terms or conditions to include, please weigh in! At the bottom of the glossary index page, you’ll find a link that lets you suggest terms directly to the glossary minders. Or you can post a comment here or email us, and we’ll gather suggestions and submit them.

You’ll find many of the same terms defined in our book. We talk about genetic factors and issues in diabetes in Chapter 4, and a variety of cancers in Chapter 5.

And if you’d rather have your genetic terms defined in silence, NGHRI has a text-based glossary as well.

  1. Rahul the eye docNovember 4, 2009

    No breast cancer???? And no AMD (macular degeneration) or glaucoma? We’re using more family history in ophthalmology than ever…maybe soon, more genetic testing too. BTW, didn’t find vision loss in the book, either.

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"As you read these pages, I hope you will be inspired to explore how you might use genetic information to improve your own health."
- Catherine Wicklund, MS, CGC
President, National Society of Genetic Counselors, 2007
from her foreword to The Genome Book

About the authors

April Lynch is an author whose work focuses on health and genetics. As an award-winning journalist, she directed coverage of science, health, and medicine for The San Jose Mercury News, Silicon Valley's leading newspaper. She has also written for a variety of other organizations, including leading university textbook publisher Pearson Education and genomics firm Navigenics. Her work on the book and this blog reflects her views, and not those of any employer or organization.


Vickie Venne, MS, CGC, is celebrating 30 years as a genetic counselor. She worked in prenatal, pediatric, and laboratory settings before joining the Hunstman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah. In addition to caring for patients, she has taught for the California Department of Education and the University of Utah's graduate program in genetic counseling. She has also served as president of the National Society of Genetic Counselors and the local affiliate of the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation. Her work on the book and this blog reflects her views, and not those of any employer or organization.