The Genome Book
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October 30th, 2009
Time to rethink cancer screening
As a recent article in the Journal of the American Medical Association noted this month, not all cancers are created equal. Some are less aggressive and easier to treat than others.
Now, as new tools to reveal these differences emerge, the JAMA article encourages researchers and clinicians to rethink screening for breast and prostate cancer.
Breast and prostate cancers now account for 26 percent of cancers in the United States. However, in the last 20 years, it may be this increase in numbers reflects detection of low-risk growths that may never become dangerously cancerous.
One of the options the JAMA authors present is to focus on developing (and validating) markers that will identify significant from minimal risk cancers. These markers could target either the tissues that may be growing abnormally or the inherited genetic variants that may offer a person protection against these cancers. In Chapter 5 of our book, we discuss the differences between the genetic mutations that are a function of an abnormal cell line on the way to developing cancer, and genetic mutations that are inherited. It could be exciting to use genomics to direct personalized screening.
In this day and age of increasing health care costs, about $20 billion is spent to screen for breast and prostate cancer yearly. As new biomarkers are found and validated, the number of people who need screening or aggressive treatment might be reduced, and with it, the anxiety associated with hearing the word “cancer.”
Categories: Chapter 5: Your Genes and Cancer
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